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If one looks at history, apart from wars, the highest rate of death has been due to disease and infection. There have been regular epidemics and even endemics that have taken their toll on human life. Disease and death was an accepted part of everyday life. From children to adults, everyone considered it a natural occurrence and one that was inevitable. Influenza could lead to death as easily as tuberculosis or whooping cough could. And then in the 17th century, Edward Jenner introduced the world to the first vaccination. He used a cowpox virus and immunized humans against smallpox. His methods were probably considered crude and unhygienic according to health standards today. But what he did do was show scientists of his generation and future generations how it was possible to fight disease and infection. He showed a way to vaccinate large numbers of people together in an effective way. From then until now, vaccinations have come a long way. Society in the 17th century wasn't very open to accepting vaccinations. However, over the years, especially since the eradication of small pox in 1977, vaccinations have been welcomed with open arms and everyday new vaccines for old diseases are being

Bcg vaccination

The BCG vaccination is the accepted abbreviation for the Bacillus Calmette-Gurin vaccination used to treat Tuberculosis (TB). TB is an extremely common and very often fatal disease that is caused by myobacteria, more specifically myobacterium tuberculosis which is the most common myobacteria strain that causes TB. Of all the forms of Tuberculosis, pulmonary tuberculosis is the most common. This gives rise to the typical characteristics of TB, including chronic cough, bloody sputum, fever, weight loss etc. TB is very prevalent because it is an extremely contagious disease and spreads through the air. The difficulty with TB also is that there could be a time lag between getting infected with TB and it developing into the full blown disease. According to reports from the World Health Organization, nearly 8 million people get infected with TB every year and about 2 million die due to it. Tuberculosis has an extremely high rate of incidence in developing countries like those in the African continent, and the Indian subcontinent. However incidence of TB is increasing even in developed countries like the US due to increasing numbers of people with AIDS. TB can be treated with the help of antibiotics but the duration of treatment

Herpes vaccination

Herpes Simplex is a disease caused by the virus Herpes Simplex Virus type 1 and type 2 (HSV-1, HSV-2). Although the virus is the same, the site of infection differs and allows for categorization into oral herpes and genital herpes. These 2 are the most common types of herpes that occur. In oral herpes there are cold sores or blisters around the mouth and on the face. In genital herpes the infection is limited to the genital area. What makes herpes a difficult disease to manage is the cyclical nature of its symptoms. Herpes characteristically swings between periods of active disease and being asymptomatic. Thus, there will a period where the blisters and sores will be visible, which is the active period, and then these will clear off during the remission period. However, even though there is a period of remission, viral shedding can happen, making the person high risk for transmitting the infection. Herpes is transmitted mainly through skin to skin contact - coming in contact with a skin blister or the body fluid of an infected person, or skin contact during viral shedding. Once a person contracts herpes, the virus attaches itself to the sensory nerves. Here it